While hardly known to the public outside its native range, interest of the scientific community in Inula viscosa has produced over 50 studies in recent years. Abstracts of some of these publications dealing with the biological activity of Inula viscosa extracts are referenced below: 1) Induction of G(2)/M arrest and apoptosis by sesquiterpene lactones in human melanoma cell lines .Rozenblat S, Grossman S, Bergman M, Gottlieb H, Cohen Y, Dovrat S. The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel. Malignant melanoma is a highly aggressive tumor which frequently resists chemotherapy, therefore, the search for new agents for its treatment is of great importance. In this study, we purified the sesquiterpene lactones (SLs), Tomentosin and Inuviscolide from Inula viscosa (Compositae) leaves and studied their anti-cancer potency against human melanoma cell lines in order to develop new agents for melanoma treatment. SLs inhibited the proliferation of three human melanoma cell lines: SK-28, 624mel and 1363mel in a dose-dependent manner. We further investigated SLs mechanism of action using SK-28 as a representative cell line model. SLs caused cell-cycle arrest at G(2)/M, accompanied by the appearance of a sub-G0 fraction, indicative of apoptotic cell death. Induction of apoptosis was further confirmed by changes in membrane phospholipids, changes in mitochondrial membrane potential (DeltaPsi) and by detection of Caspase-3 activity. Rapid inhibitory phosphorylation of Cdc2 (Thr14 and Tyr15) was seen early after treatment, followed by a later decrease in the expression level of both Cyclin b1 and Cdc2. Induction of p53 and p21(waf1) proteins and phosphorylation of p53 at Ser15 were also detected early after treatment. The anti-apoptotic proteins, p65 subunit of nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB), and Survivin were reduced in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, these changes partially explain the ability of the SLs to induce G(2)/M arrest and apoptosis. Induction of apoptosis by Tomentosin and Inuviscolide in human aggressive melanoma cell lines has high pharmacological value and implies that SLs might be developed as new agents for melanoma treatment. PMID: 17919456 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] 2) Inhibition of pro-inflammatory enzymes by inuviscolide, a sesquiterpene lactone from Inula viscosa. Máñez S, Hernández V, Giner RM, Ríos JL, Recio Mdel C. Departament de Farmacologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, Avinguda Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain. manez@uv.es This work concerns the pharmacological activity of inuviscolide, a sesquiterpenoid from Inula viscosa. It exerts inhibitory effects on elastase, cyclooxygenase 1 and secretory phospholipase A(2). Furthermore, it reduces the skin leukocyte infiltration in a murine model of dermatitis induced by repeated application of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate. PMID: 17490829 [PubMed - in process 3) Effects of naturally occurring dihydroflavonols from Inula viscosa on inflammation and enzymes involved in the arachidonic acid metabolism.
Departament de Farmacologia, Facultat de Farmacia, Universitat de València, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n. 46100 Burjassot, Spain. The anti-inflammatory properties of three flavanones isolated from Inula viscosa, sakuranetin, 7-O- methylaromadendrin, and 3-acetyl-7-O-methylaromadendrin, have been tested both in vitro and in vivo. Acute inflammation in vivo was induced by means of topical application of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13- acetate (TPA) to mouse ears or by subcutaneous injection of phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) into mouse paws. The test compounds were evaluated in vitro for their effect on both the metabolism of arachidonic acid and on the release and/or activity of enzymes involved in the inflammatory response such as elastase, myeloperoxidase (MPO), and protein kinase C (PKC). The most active compounds in vivo against PLA(2)-induced paw oedema were 7-O-methylaromadendrin (ED(50)=8 mg/kg) and sakuranetin (ED(50)=18 mg/kg). In contrast, the most potent compound against TPA-induced ear oedema was 3- acetyl-7-O-methylaromadendrin (ED(50)=185 microg/ear), followed by sakuranetin (ED(50)=205 microg/ear). In vitro, the latter compound was the most potent inhibitor of leukotriene (LT) B(4) production by peritoneal rat neutrophils (IC(50)=9 microM) and it was also the only compound that directly inhibited the activity of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX). 3-Acetyl-7-O-methylaromadendrin also inhibited LTB(4) production (IC(50)=15 microM), but had no effect on 5-LOX activity. The only flavanone that inhibited the secretory PLA(2) activity in vitro was 7-O-methylaromadendrin. This finding may partly explain the anti-inflammatory effect observed in vivo, although other mechanisms such as the inhibition of histamine release by mast cells may also be implicated. Sakuranetin at 100 microM was found to inhibit elastase release, although this result is partly due to direct inhibition of the enzyme itself. At the same concentration, 7-O- methylaromadendrin only affected the enzyme release. Finally, none of the flavanones exhibited any effect on MPO or PKC activities. Taken together, these findings indicate that sakuranetin may be a selective inhibitor of 5-LOX. PMID: 17658557 [PubMed - in process]
sesquiterpenoid compounds isolated from Inula viscosa. Planta Med 2001 Nov;67(8):726-31 Hernandez V, del Carmen Recio M, Manez S, Prieto JM, Giner RM, Rios JL. Departament de Farmacologia, Facultat de Farmacia, Universitat de Valencia, Spain. Abstract; The present study was designed to examine the anti-inflammatory activity of the sesquiterpenoids ilicic acid and inuviscolide, isolated from Inula viscosa, on cell degranulation, leukotriene biosynthesis, neurogenic drive and glucocorticoid-like interactions. Swiss female mice were used to measure the ear oedema induced by phorbol esters or ethyl phenylpropiolate (EPP), and the paw oedema induced by phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) or serotonin. Drug treatment consisted of one topically-applied dose in the ear models and a subcutaneous or intraperitoneal injection in the paw models. Quantitative analysis of leukotriene B(4) (LTB(4)) formation was performed on rat peritoneal neutrophils by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The lactone inuviscolide reduced the PLA(2)-induced oedema (ID(50): 98 micromol/kg). The effect on serotonin-induced oedema was not changed by modifiers of the glucocorticoid response. Ilicic acid showed minor in vivo effects, but was slightly more potent than inuviscolide on the 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) acute oedema test (ID(50): 0.650 micromol per ear). Inuviscolide reduced LTB(4) generation in intact cells, with an IC(50) value of 94 microM. On the basis of the reported results, inuviscolide is the main anti-inflammatory sesquiterpenoid from Inula viscosa, and may act by interfering with leukotriene synthesis and PLA(2)-induced mastocyte release of inflammatory mediators. PMID: 11731914 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 5) Fungistatic activity of a sesquiterpene lactone (tomentosin) isolated from fresh Inula viscosa (Asteraceae) flowers from the Puglia region] Parassitologia 2001 Sep;43(3):117-21 [Article in Italian] Cafarchia C, De Laurentis N, Milillo MA, Losacco V, Puccini V. Dipartimento di Sanita e Benessere degli Animali, Facolta di Medicina Veterinaria, Valenzano, Bari, Italia. Abstract; A sesquiterpene lactone, tomentosin, has been isolated and identified form Inula viscosa Ait (Asteraceae) flowers. The molecule, at 1 mg/ml concentration, showed to be active in vitro against Microsporum canis, Microsporum gypseum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. PMID: 11921538 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 6) Antioxidant activity of anti-inflammatory plant extracts. Life Sci 2002 Jan 18;70(9):1023-33 Schinella GR, Tournier HA, Prieto JM, Mordujovich D, Rios JL. Facultad de Ciencias Medicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina. Abstract; The antioxidant properties of twenty medical herbs used in the traditional Mediterranean and Chinese medicine were studied. Extracts from Forsythia suspensa, Helichrysum italicum, Scrophularia auriculata, Inula viscosa, Coptis chinensis, Poria cocos and Scutellaria baicalensis had previously shown anti-inflammatory activity in different experimental models. Using free radical-generating systems H. italicum. I. viscosa and F. suspensa protected against enzymatic and non-enzymatic lipid peroxidation in model membranes and also showed scavenging property on the superoxide radical. All extracts were assayed at a concentration of 100 microg/ml. Most of the extracts were weak scavengers of the hydroxyl radical and C. chinensis and P. cocos exhibited the highest scavenging activity. Although S. baicalensis inhibited the lipid peroxidation in rat liver microsomes and red blood cells, the extract showed inhibitory actions on aminopyrine N-demethylase and xanthine oxidase activities as well as an pro-oxidant effect observed in the Fe3+-EDTA-H2O2 system. The results of the present work suggest that the anti-inflammatory activities of the same extracts could be explained, at least in part, by their antioxidant properties. PMID: 11860151 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 7) Effect of Inula viscosa extract on chitin synthesis in dermatophytes and Candida albicans. J Ethnopharmacol 2000 Aug;71(3):479-82 J Ethnopharmacol 2001 Sep;77(1):117-21 Maoz M, Neeman I. Department of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Technion, 32000, Haifa, Israel. Abstract; An antimycotic effect of an extract from Inula viscosa leaves was demonstrated affecting chitin synthesis in dermatophytes and Candida albicans. The antimycotic effect was compared to the effect caused by miconazole nitrate--an antifungal drug. The inhibition effect on chitin synthesis was not correlated to the extent of growth inhibition caused by the antifungal agents: both miconazole nitrate and the I. viscosa extract inhibited the growth of dermatophytes and C. albicans. Miconazole nitrate did not affect chitin synthesis--except for M. canis--whereas I. viscosa extract caused a significant decline in chitin content. PMID: 10940586 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 8) Research on antifungal activity of flowers and leaves of Inula viscosa (Asteraceae)] Parassitologia 1999 Dec;41(4):579-82 [Article in Italian] Cafarchia C, De Laurentis N, Milillo MA, Losacco V, Puccini V. Dipartimento di Sanita e Benessere degli Animali, Facolta di Medicina Veterinaria, Universita di Bari, Italia. Abstract; The authors carried out a preliminary screening about the in vitro antifungal activity of some extracts of flowers and leaves of Inula viscosa obtained with different solvents. All extracts showed antifungal activity against dermatophytes and Candida species. The best results were obtained with Inula viscosa flowers extracts. These results may be ascribed to the different flavonoids and different flavonoid concentrations in our samples. PMID: 10870565 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 9) Antifungal activity of plant extracts against dermatophytes. Mycoses 1999;42(11-12):665-72 Ali-Shtayeh MS, Abu Ghdeib SI. Department of Biological Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine. Abstract; The aqueous extracts (15 micrograms ml-1 medium) of 22 plants used in folkloric medicine in Palestine were investigated for their antifungal activity and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against nine isolates of Microsporum canis, Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Trichophyton violaceum. The extract of the different plant species reduced colony growth of the three dermatophytes by 36 to 100% compared with the control treatment. Antimycotic activity of the extract against the three dermatophytes varied significantly (P < 0.05) between test plants. Extracts of Capparis spinosa and Juglans regia completely prevented growth of M. canis and T. violaceum. The most active extracts (90-100% inhibition) were those of Anagallis arvensis, C. spinosa, J. regia, Pistacia lentiscus and Ruta chalapensis against M. canis; Inula viscosa, J. regia and P. lentiscus against T. mentagrophytes; and Asphodelus luteus, A. arvensis, C. spinosa, Clematis cirrhosa, I. viscosa, J. regia, P. lentiscus, Plumbago europea, Ruscus aculeatus, Retema raetam and Salvia fruticosa against T. violaceum. The MICs of these most active plants ranged from 0.6 to 40 micrograms ml-1. The three dermatophytes differed significantly with regard to their susceptibility to plant extracts. Trichophyton violaceum was the most susceptible being completely inhibited by 50% of the extracts followed by M. canis and T. mentagrophytes which were completely inhibited by only 23 and 14% of the extracts, respectively. PMID: 10680445 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 10) A glycosyl analogue of diacylglycerol and other anti inflammatory constituents from Inula viscosa. J Nat Prod 1999 Apr;62(4):601-4 Manez S, Recio MC, Gil I, Gomez C, Giner RM, Waterman PG, Rios JL. Departament de Farmacologia, Facultat de Farmacia, Universitat de Valencia, Av. V. Andres Estelles s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain. Abstract; Some extracts from Inula viscosa were examined for acute anti inflammatory activity in vivo. Three flavonoids: rhamnocitrin (1), 7-O-methylaromadendrin inugalactolipid A (6), were isolated from the CH2Cl2 extract, identified by spectroscopic methods, and characterized as the topical antiinflammatory principles of this species. All these compounds proved to be effective against 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced ear edema in mice, although lacking activity against arachidonic acid-induced edema. In addition, compounds 5 and, markedly, 6 showed notable effects on a multiple-dose murine chronic dermatitis model. This is the first attempt to establish a rationale concerning the documented use of the plant on various skin diseases. (3), and 3-O-acetylpadmatin (4); a sesquiterpene lactone, inuviscolide (2); a sesquiterpene acid, ilicic acid (5); and a digalactosyl-diacylglycerol, PMID: 10217718 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE 11) Antimicrobial effects of aqueous plant extracts on the fungi Microsporum canis and Trichophyton rubrum and on three bacterial species. Lett Appl Microbiol 1998 Jan;26(1):61-3 Maoz M, Neeman I. Department of Biotechnology, Braude Technology College, Carmiel, Israel. Abstract; Aqueous extracts of 10 plants were tested for their ability to inhibit Trichophyton rubrum and Microsporum canis, the aetiological agents of dermal fungal infections in humans. These extracts were also evaluated for their activity against some bacteria. Aqueous extracts from the leaves of Inula viscosa produced detectable antifungal activity against these dermatophytes. PMID: 9489036 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 12) Observations and research on an extract of Inula viscosa Ait [Article in Italian] Boll Soc Ital Biol Sper 1990 Sep;66(9):829-34 Lauro L, Rolih C. Cattedra di Chimica, Facolta di Medicina e Chirurgia, Universita degli Studi di Genova. Abstract; The folk medical tradition ascribes to Inula viscosa (a suffrutescent plant of Compositae widely spread along the Mediterranean basin) balsamic, antipyretic, antiphlogistic and antiseptic properties. Pharmacological test on rabbits, made hyperpyretic in laboratory, gave satisfactory antipyretic results. Gas chromatographical separation from a high-boiling fraction of seven azulenes, two of them identified as 1,4-dimethyl-azulene (about 50% and chamazulene (32%), confirmed the antiphlogistic action ascribed to the plant. By the present research (solvent extraction, thin layer chromatography and gas chromatography are described in detail) eucalyptol was identified in a fraction of essential oil obtained from fresh leaves of the plant. This datum supports the balsamic and antiseptic properties of Inula viscosa Ait. PMID: 2073383 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 13) Effects of hispidulin, a flavone isolated from Inula viscosa, on isolated guinea-pig smooth muscle. Gen Pharmacol 1988;19(4):559-63 Abdalla S, Abu-Zarga M, Afifi F, Al-Khalil S, Sabri S. Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Jordan, Amman. Abstract; In small concentrations (10(-7)-3 X 10(-6) M), hispidulin caused concentration-dependent contraction of isolated guinea-pig ileum and only mild relaxation of guinea-pig tracheal rings. 2. Larger concentrations (up to 3 X 10(-4) M) caused concentration-dependent relaxation of the ileum and the trachea. All the effects on the ileum and the trachea are reversible upon removal of the compound. 3. In concentrations from 10(-7) to 3 X 10(-4) M, hispidulin had no effect on the tone of the epinephrine-contracted rings of the guinea-pig main pulmonary artery. 4. Hispidulin caused a shift to the right of the acetylcholine concentration-effect curves on ileum and trachea and significantly inhibited the maximum contractions induced by acetylcholine. 5. In Ca2+-free, depolarizing solution, hispidulin caused both a shift to the right, and an inhibition of the maximum contractions, of the CaCl2 concentration-effect curves on ileum, trachea and pulmonary artery. 6. In Ca2+-free, EGTA-containing solution, hispidulin caused concentration-dependent inhibition of the contractions induced in the pulmonary artery by epinephrine and in the ileum by histamine. 7. These observations suggest that hispidulin may interfere with Ca2+ binding to the Ca2+-receptor protein(s) in the smooth muscle cell and/or with the agonist-induced Ca2+-release from intracellular stores. Less likely, hispidulin may interfere with Ca2+ influx through smooth muscle cell membrane. PMID: 3410278 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 14) Antimicrobial activity of 20 plants used in folkloric medicine in the Palestinian area. J Ethnopharmacol 1998 Apr;60(3):265-71 Ali-Shtayeh MS, Yaghmour RM, Faidi YR, Salem K, Al-Nuri MA. Department of Biological Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestinian Area. Abstract; Ethanolic and aqueous extracts of 20 Palestinian plant species used in folk medicine were investigated for their antimicrobial activities against five bacterial species (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and one yeast (Candida albicans). The plants showed 90% of antimicrobial activity, with significant difference in activity between the different plants. The most antimicrobially active plants were Phagnalon rupestre and Micromeria nervosa, whereas, the least active plant was Ziziphus spina-christi. Only ten of the tested plant extracts were active against C. albicans, with the most active from M. nervosa and Inula viscosa and the least active from Ruscus aculeatus. Of all extracts the ethanolic extract of M. nervosa was the most active, whereas, the aqueous extract of Phagnalon rupestre was the most active of all aqueous extracts tested. The ethanolic extracts (70%) showed activity against both Gram positive and negative bacteria and 40% of these extracts showed anticandidal activity, whereas, 50% of the aqueous extracts showed antibacterial activity and 20% of these extracts showed anticandidal activity. PMID: 9613839 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 15) Plants used for the treatment of diabetes in Israel. J Ethnopharmacol 1987 Mar-Apr;19(2):145-51 Yaniv Z, Dafni A, Friedman J, Palevitch D. Abstract; In an extensive ethnobotanical survey (130 informants) of the medicinal plants of Israel, 16 species were found to be used for hypoglycaemic treatments. Thelist includes Achillea fragrantissima (Forssk.) Sch.-Bip, Ammi visnaga (L.) Lam, Atriplex halimus L., Capparis spinosa L., Ceratonia siliqua L., Cleome droserifolia (Forssk.) Del., Eryngium creticum Lam., Inula viscosa (L.) Ait., Matricaria aurea (Loefl.) Sch.-Bip, Origanum syriaca L., Paronychia argentea Lam, Prosopis farcta (Banks et Sol.) Macbride, Salvia fruticosa Mill., Sarcopoterium spinosum (L.) Sp., and Teucrium polium L.; eight of them (marked with an asterisk) are first recorded here as used for this purpose. PMID: 3613607 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 16) Effects of Inula viscosa leaf extracts on abortion and implantation in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2001 Sep;77(1):117-21 Al-Dissi NM, Salhab AS, Al-Hajj HA. Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan. Abstract; The anti-implantation and mid-term abortifacient effects exhibited by administration of Inula viscosa leaf extracts, were studied in rats. The aqueous extract administered i.p. on day 1-6 of gestation, totally diminished fetal implantation and caused a significant (P<0.05) reduction in the number of corpora lutea and blood progesterone levels. Meanwhile, administration on day 13-15 of gestation exhibited mid-term abortion. Furthermore, petroleum ether and dichloromethane, but not methanol, extracts exhibited pronounced abortifacient effects. The results of this study are in agreement with the traditional reputation of this plant as abortifacient. Further, the plant possesses anti-implantational and luteolytic effects. PMID: 11483388 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] 17) Screening of selected plant extracts for in vitro inhibitory activity on human immunodeficiency virus. Bedoya LM, Palomino SS, Abad MJ, Bermejo P, Alcami J. Departamento de Farmacologia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain. As part of our screening of anti-AIDS agents from natural sources, extracts of 15 medicinal plants widely used in the folk medicines of North America and Europe were evaluated in vitro. Most of the extracts tested were relatively nontoxic to human lymphocytic MT-2 cells, but only the extracts of Hysopp officinalis and Dittrichia viscosa exhibited anti-HIV activity in an in vitro MTT assay. The 50% hydroalcohol extract of Hysopp officinalis and the aqueous extract of Dittrichia viscosa showed inhibitory effects against HIV-1 induced infections in MT-2 cells at concentrations ranging from 50 to 100 microg/mL and 25 to 400 microg/mL, respectively. Both extracts showed no appreciable cytotoxicity at these concentrations. Copyright 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Agree Food Hem 2002 May 22;50(11):3208-13 18) Evaluation of the wound healing effect of some Jordanian traditional medicinal plants formulated in Pluronic F127 using mice (Mus musculus)
aFaculty of Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan bFaculty of Medicine, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan Received 6 March 2006; revised 15 June 2006; accepted 6 July 2006. Available online 14 July 2006. Abstract The wound healing effect of the aqueous extracts of Inula viscosa, Ajuga chia, Rubia taenifolia and Parieteria diffusa, and the oil of Laurus nobilis, dispersed in water, were examined. The 10% (w/w) Pluronic F127 (PF127) was added to the applied preparations, in order to modify the aqueous extracts viscosity, and to stabilize the oil dispersion. A full thickness wound was made in the dorsal area of the mice. The wounds were treated with the different preparations with 12 h intervals for four times in two successive days. For 16 days, the wounds were visually observed, photographically documented and the wound area was measured. After day 16, the animals were sacrificed and the histology of the wound area was examined. The best wound healing activity was observed with the extract of Inula viscosa, followed by Parieteria diffusa, Laurus nobilis, Ajuga chia and the least active extract was that of Rubia taenifolia colorectal cancer by administering to a subject an effective amount of a dittrichia viscosa (DV) extract. According to one aspect, the present invention provides a method for treating colorectal cancer in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a water extract derived from dittrichia viscosaleaves, thereby treating colorectal cancer in a subject. In some embodiments, said dittrichia viscosa leaves are harvested prior to the blooming phase. In another embodiment, said dittrichia viscosa are cultivated dittrichia viscosa plants. In another embodiment, the extract is administered in a dose of 8-80 mg/kg. In another embodiment, the extract is administered in a dose of 10-60 mg/kg. In another embodiment, the extract is administered in a dose of 12-24 mg/kg. In some embodiments, said extract is in liquid form. In another embodiment, the amount of the extract is from about 0.01% to about 99.9% (w/w) compared to the total weight of the composition. In another embodiment, the amount of the extract is from about 0.01% to about 30% (w/w). In additional embodiments, said extract is in dried powder form. In another embodiment, the composition is administered at least twice weekly. In another embodiment, the composition is administered at least three times weekly. In another embodiment, the composition is administered over at least 3 weeks. In another embodiment, said administering is selected from intravenously, intratumorally, intraperitoneally or intramuscularly administration. In another embodiment, said administering is intraperitoneally administration. In another embodiment, said administering is systemic administration. In another embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition further comprises a pharmaceutically effective excipients, diluent and/or carrier. In another embodiment, the composition comprises at least one additional active agent. According to another aspect, the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising a water extract derived from dittrichia viscosa leaves for use in treating colorectal cancer in a subject. According to another aspect, the present invention provides use of a water extract derived from dittrichia viscosa leaves for the preparation of a medicament for treating colorectal cancer in a subject in need thereof. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition is formulated for an administration regimen from intravenously, intratumorally, intraperitoneally or intramuscularly administration. In another embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition is formulated for intraperitoneally administration. In another embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition is formulated for systemically administration . This summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the detailed description. This summary is not intended to identify key features or essential of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the claimed subject matter
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